Visible-light-driven titania photocatalyst co-doped with nitrogen and ferrum

Nitrogen and ferrum co-doped titania photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel route. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped titania photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution under visible light irradiation and was compared with that of the commercial TiO₂ photocatalyst (Degussa P25). The results revealed that the nitrogen doping could lead to the response to visible light and that the ferrum doping could improve the photocatalytic performance. The effects of the component and the annealing temperature of the co-doped titania photocatalyst on the photocatalytic activity were investigated.     

Efficient Scheme for Macroscopic Superpositions and Entanglement of High-Order Squeezed Vacuum States in Cavity QED

We propose an etticient scheme for generating the macroscopic superpositions and the entanglement between the high-order squeezed vacuum states by considering the multi-photon interaction of N two-level atoms in a cavity with high quality factor, assisted by a strong driving field. Through specific choices of the cavity detuning, a number of multi-party entangled states between the atoms and the high-order squeezed vacuum states and among the high-order squeezed vacuum states of the cavities can be prepared, including also the macroscopic ＂Schrodinger cats＂ of the high- order squeezed vacuum states, the entangled states of the macroscopic ＂Schrodinger cats＂, and so on. Possible extension and application of our scheme are discussed. Our scheme is reachable within the current techniques in the cavity QED.     

Entangling Mesoscopic Squeezed Vacuum States and Mesoscopic Coherent States in Dissipative Cavity QED System

A scheme has been proposed for generating the macroscopic entanglement between the mesoscopic squeezed vacuum states and mesoscopic coherent states by considering both the two-photon interaction and the single photon interaction of N two-level atoms in cavities with high quality factor assisted by a strong driving field. Moreover, we derive the dissipative interaction models for single photon interaction and two-photon interaction, respectively. The corresponding analytical expressions of the fidelities can be given. Our scheme can be realized in the current techniques on the cavity QED.     

拓扑指数与烷烃色谱保留指数的定量相关研究

基于分子图论, 计算了64个链烷烃的一阶连接性指数(¹χ)和奇偶指数(OEI), 并对气相色谱保留指数进行定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)研究, 得到多元线性回归模型RI＝55.7631＋25.7317OEI＋111.4508¹χ (R²＝0.9960, RMS＝9.36, ARD＝1.02%). 交叉验证和预测结果表明, 所建立的QSPR模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力. 与文献结果比较, 本文所用的参数少, 且计算简便.     

State-Independent Proofs of Bell's Theorem Without Inequalities and Bell Inequality for Four-Qubit System

A state-dependent proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities using the product state of any two maximally entangled states (Bell states) of two qubits for two observers in an ideal condition, each of which possesses two qubits, is proposed. It is different from the other proofs in which there exists a fundamental requirement that certain specific suitable Bell states have been chosen. Moreover, in any non-ideal situation, a common Bell inequality independent of the choices of the 16-product states is derived, which is used to test the contradiction between quantum mechanics and local reality theory in the reach of current experimental technology.     

Dawson型钒代磷钼酸在酮/醇缩合中的催化性能

合成了Dawson型磷钼酸和钒取代磷钼酸, 用UV-Vis、 IR和XRD表征了结构, 用pH计考察了在不同介质中的酸性. 以苯乙酮和醇的缩合反应作为探针反应, 考察了磷钼酸中钒含量、磷钼酸用量及醇用量等因素对磷钼酸催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 钒取代钼后使Dawson型磷钼酸在有机介质中的酸性减弱. 当H_6P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)∶苯乙酮∶乙二醇的物质的量比为6∶1000∶2000, 回流反应6 h时, 缩酮收率为89.2 %. 在合成缩酮的反应中, 磷钼酸的"假液相"性使其催化活性明显增强, 但随着钒取代数增加, 钒取代磷钼酸的催化性能减弱;醇分子的空间位阻增大, 磷钼酸的催化活性也降低.     

Low band‐gap modulation of isoindigo‐based copolymers toward high open‐circuit voltage of polymer solar cells

Designing low band‐gap‐conjugated polymers coupled with low HOMO levels attracts great attention in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). By using donor–acceptor (D‐A) copolymerization strategy, we designed and synthesized a series of low band‐gap copolymers with deep HOMO levels via introducing an isoindigo (IID) acceptor unit in the copolymers with the donor unit of fluorene (F) (PIID‐F), carbazole (Cz) (PIID‐Cz), thiophene (Th) (PIID‐Th), dithiophene (DTh) (PIID‐DTh), or dithienosilole (DTS) (PIID‐DTS). The HOMO level of the copolymers, measured by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, varies from ?5.3 eV to ?5.8 eV, depending on different donor units in the copolymers. However, the LUMO levels of all the copolymers are fixed at about ?3.6 eV, which is mainly determined by IID acceptor unit due to its strong electron‐withdrawing ability. The new results will provide an effect help in designing IID based molecular structures. Among the copolymers, PIID‐DTS has a low band gap of 1.58 eV and possesses a low‐lying HOMO energy level of ?5.33 eV. The PSCs based on PIID‐DTS as donor and PC₇₀BM as acceptor exhibited a high open‐circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.93 V and a primary power conversion efficiency of 2.45%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3477–3485     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a phenylenevinylene copolymer with dithienylbenzothiadiazole and bis(di(p-tolyl)phenylamino)phenylene units

A novel phenylenevinylene copolymer (JP) with 4,7-dithien-5-yl-2,1,3-benzodiathiazole (DTBT) moiety along the backbone and di(p-tolyl)phenylamine (p-TPA) unit as side groups was synthesized and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Introduction of DTBT and p-TPA moieties is beneficial to lowering the band gap, broadening the absorption spectrum and improving the photovoltaic properties of the copolymer. The effects of DTBT and p-TPA moieties on the thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the copolymer are investigated. The bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on JP and PC₆₁BM (1:3, w/w) showed a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.09% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.75 V, a short-circuit current of 3.69 mA cm⁻², and a fill factor of 0.50.     

Another Mechanism which Can Prevent Infinite Collision Energy via Black Hole as Particle Accelerators

It has recently been pointed out that infinite center of mass energies for the colliding particles can be attained when the black hole is exactly extremal and only at infinite time and on the horizon of the black hole. In this letter, we show that it cannot occur when the spacetime noncommutative effect is considered, i.e. the quantum effect of gravity is an other preventing mechanism. Additionally, the bigger of the black hole’s mass is, the higher of center of mass energy that the particles obtain.     

Speed Geometric Quantum Logical Gate Based on Double-Hamiltonian Evolution under Large-Detuning Cavity QED Model

We introduce the double-Hamiltonian evolution technique approach to investigate the unconventional geometric quantum logical gate with dissipation under the model of many identical three-level atoms in a cavity~ driven by a classical fieM. Our concrete calculation is made for the case of two atoms for the large-detuning interaction of the atoms with the cavity mode. The main advantage of our scheme is of eliminating the photon flutuation in the cavity mode during the gating. The corresponding analytical results will be helpful for experimental realization of speed geometric quantum logical gate in real cavities.